Search results for "genetics [Transcriptome]"
showing 10 items of 3033 documents
ODELAY: A Large-scale Method for Multi-parameter Quantification of Yeast Growth
2017
Growth phenotypes of microorganisms are a strong indicator of their underlying genetic fitness and can be segregated into 3 growth regimes: lag-phase, log-phase, and stationary-phase. Each growth phase can reveal different aspects of fitness that are related to various environmental and genetic conditions. High-resolution and quantitative measurements of all 3 phases of growth are generally difficult to obtain. Here we present a detailed method to characterize all 3 growth phases on solid media using an assay called One-cell Doubling Evaluation of Living Arrays of Yeast (ODELAY). ODELAY quantifies growth phenotypes of individual cells growing into colonies on solid media using time-lapse mi…
Continuous Electrical Stimulation Affects Initial Growth and Proliferation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
2020
The aim of the study was to establish electrical stimulation parameters in order to improve cell growth and viability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) when compared to non-stimulated cells in vitro. hADSC were exposed to continuous electrical stimulation with 1.7 V AC/20 Hz. After 24, 72 h and 7 days, cell number, cellular surface coverage and cell proliferation were assessed. In addition, cell cycle analysis was carried out after 3 and 7 days. After 24 h, no significant alterations were observed for stimulated cells. At day 3, stimulated cells showed a 4.5-fold increase in cell numbers, a 2.7-fold increase in cellular surface coverage and a significantly increased proliferation.…
STRIPAK Members Orchestrate Hippo and Insulin Receptor Signaling to Promote Neural Stem Cell Reactivation
2019
Summary Adult stem cells reactivate from quiescence to maintain tissue homeostasis and in response to injury. How the underlying regulatory signals are integrated is largely unknown. Drosophila neural stem cells (NSCs) also leave quiescence to generate adult neurons and glia, a process that is dependent on Hippo signaling inhibition and activation of the insulin-like receptor (InR)/PI3K/Akt cascade. We performed a transcriptome analysis of individual quiescent and reactivating NSCs harvested directly from Drosophila brains and identified the conserved STRIPAK complex members mob4, cka, and PP2A (microtubule star, mts). We show that PP2A/Mts phosphatase, with its regulatory subunit Widerbors…
Structural and functional insights into lysostaphin–substrate interaction
2018
Lysostaphin from Staphylococcus simulans and its family enzymes rapidly acquire prominence as the next generation agents in treatment of S. aureus infections. The specificity of lysostaphin is promoted by its C-terminal cell wall targeting domain selectivity towards pentaglycine bridges in S. aureus cell wall. Scission of these cross-links is carried out by its N-terminal catalytic domain, a zinc-dependent endopeptidase. Understanding the determinants affecting the efficiency of catalysis and strength and specificity of interactions lies at the heart of all lysostaphin family enzyme applications. To this end, we have used NMR, SAXS and molecular dynamics simulations to characterize lysostap…
Biochemical Properties of Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase
2017
D-amino acid oxidase catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids. In the brain, the NMDA receptor coagonist D-serine has been proposed as its physiological substrate. In order to shed light on the mechanisms regulating D-serine concentration at the cellular level, we biochemically characterized human DAAO (hDAAO) in greater depth. In addition to clarify the physical-chemical properties of the enzyme, we demonstrated that divalent ions and nucleotides do not affect flavoenzyme function. Moreover, the definition of hDAAO substrate specificity demonstrated that D-cysteine is the best substrate, which made it possible to propose it as a putative physiological substrate in selected tiss…
Human D-Amino Acid Oxidase: Structure, Function, and Regulation
2018
D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is an FAD-containing flavoenzyme that catalyzes with absolute stereoselectivity the oxidative deamination of all natural D-amino acids, the only exception being the acidic ones. This flavoenzyme plays different roles during evolution and in different tissues in humans. Its three-dimensional structure is well conserved during evolution: minute changes are responsible for the functional differences between enzymes from microorganism sources and those from humans. In recent years several investigations focused on human DAAO, mainly because of its role in degrading the neuromodulator D-serine in the central nervous system. D-Serine is the main coagonist of N-methyl D…
A putative antiviral role of plant cytidine deaminases
2014
[Background]: A mechanism of innate antiviral immunity operating against viruses infecting mammalian cells has been described during the last decade. Host cytidine deaminases (e.g., APOBEC3 proteins) edit viral genomes, giving rise to hypermutated nonfunctional viruses; consequently, viral fitness is reduced through lethal mutagenesis. By contrast, sub-lethal hypermutagenesis may contribute to virus evolvability by increasing population diversity. To prevent genome editing, some viruses have evolved proteins that mediate APOBEC3 degradation. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes nine cytidine deaminases ( AtCDAs), raising the question of whether deamination is an antiviral mec…
Membrane-Associated Enteroviruses Undergo Intercellular Transmission as Pools of Sibling Viral Genomes
2019
Summary Some viruses are released from cells as pools of membrane-associated virions. By increasing the multiplicity of infection (MOI), this type of collective dispersal could favor viral cooperation, but also the emergence of cheater-like viruses such as defective interfering particles. To better understand this process, we examined the genetic diversity of membrane-associated coxsackievirus infectious units. We find that infected cells release membranous structures (including vesicles) that contain 8–21 infectious particles on average. However, in most cases (62%–93%), these structures do not promote the co-transmission of different viral genetic variants present in a cell. Furthermore, …
FRI0349 PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND CENTRAL OBESITY: STRONG ASSOCIATION WITH FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND A WORSE QUALITY OF LIFE
2020
Background:Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis associated with comorbidities like obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissue leads to a pro-inflammatory status in obese subjects. For this reason, central obesity may determine a worsening in both disability index or quality of life in PsA patients treated with biologic agents.Objectives:Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between central obesity and disability index or the impact of the disease on quality of life in a real-world sample of PsA patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients with PsA were enrolled at the PsA clinic at the ARNAS Civico in Palermo (…
FRI0265 Selexipag in Raynaud's Phenomenon Secondary To Systemic Sclerosis: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study
2016
Background Raynaud9s phenomenon (RP) occurs in >95% of patients (pts) with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and contributes to digital ischaemia that may lead to digital ulcers (DUs) and gangrene.1,2 Empirical treatment of SSc-associated RP includes oral vasodilators, particularly calcium channel blockers and intermittent intravenous prostacyclin analogues.3,4 However, there is a need to identify oral therapies that are more efficacious than those currently available. Objectives To determine the activity of selexipag, an oral, selective, prostacyclin receptor agonist, on RP attack frequency in pts with SSc. Methods The study comprised a placebo single-blind run-in phase of 2–4-weeks followed by an …